To Kill A Mockingbird Conformity Analysis - 1285 Words

John F. Kennedy once said, â€Å"conformity is jailer of freedom and the enemy of growth.† I happen to think this quote is very true, because if no one ever had a different opinion, then would anything ever change? Or would it all stay the same? Forever? The idea of conformity can be seen as a good, or a bad thing. In many cases it is a bad thing, as one idea that is wrong is the only one that people think is right. This can specifically be seen in the novel To Kill A Mockingbird. Atticus, one of the main characters, needs to defend a black man named Tom Robinson. In his town of Maycomb most of the people think of black people as nothing. Although the whole town would be against him if he did it, Atticus knows that it is the right†¦show more content†¦He knows that even if the whole town is against him, he needs to be different, and stand up for what he knows is right. In this situation Atticus was being a nonconformist, and trying to do what was right. I think that m ost people, today, know that black people used to be treated very poorly, and someone in the ousts sticking up for them was hard to come by. If no one ever made the choice like Atticus, then our world would never change. It is like if everyone only liked pizza, and did not want to change their opinion about it, they would never eat anything else. At some point someone has to take actions and try to eat more foods, it would make everything so much better. This relates back to Atticus and Maycomb because if he had nev decided to take the case, and try, Maycomb would never even start to change and except black people like Tom. Would you want a world with no change? I dont think so. It is important to have a world with change, and this all starts with one voice, the voice of a non-conformist, an upstander. The importance doing this is huge in the book. When Atticus decided to defend Tom, it created a spark of change. He changed the minds of some people, including his kids, Jem and Scout . In the end it is easy to see that the â€Å"ways of Maycomb† are slowly starting to change, just little by little. The only way this could have started is by one person standing out, and that was Atticus. Secondly, I think it is important to know the hardships, andShow MoreRelatedTo Kill A Mockingbird Literary Analysis868 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary criticism, based off literary theory, is an informed, written analysis of a work of literature. Literary Theory means to understand the ways one can connect to the text, such as how archetypal criticism focuses on how symbols affect the story. To Kill a Mockingbird, a fictional novel written by Harper Lee, contains different literary theories. This practice makes the reader feel as though they can decide what certain symbols in the book mean. In the novel, Lee expresses archetypal criticismRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 PagesTreader (for plot character Eustace Scrubb) by C. S. Lewis (1952) Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison (1952) In the Castle of My Skin, by George Lamming (1953)[31] Goodbye, Columbus, by Philip Roth (1959)[32] A Separate Peace, by John Knowles (1959) To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee (1960)[30] Dune, by Frank Herbert (1965)[33] The Outsiders, by S. E. Hinton (1967)[34] A Wizard of Earthsea, by Ursula K. Le Guin (1968)[35] I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, by Maya Angelou (1969) Bless Me, Ultima, by Rudolfo

A Business Competitive Chain Is The Dynamic Outer Framework

Question 1 A business competitive chain is the dynamic outer framework in which a business contends and works. The more dealers of a comparative item or administration, the more aggressive the earth in which you contend and are based on simple model which links the entrepreneurial idea to business success in a competitive market. First step Idea is the most important stage that will get the other stage below it, have to think deeply and study the culture of the environment, Idea is not just any idea, but to have the power to attract, convince, and motivate people to do the idea. Second step having new ideas in history Entrepreneur is the person who is committed to undertaking the idea to become reality and idea need resources. Third†¦show more content†¦Nowadays people are busy so having new idea like fast food places is very interest, Fast food restaurants are traditionally distinguished by their ability to serve food via a drive-through. they can eat want they need healthy food to satisfied themselves , Idea of creating healthy fast food by choosing busy people, , connect with good suppliers to get my raw materials than entrepreneur turn the idea of having fast food places into reality focus on the one who have self confidents , high intentions, responsibility and creativity to do this idea and th en you can apply the one with the characteristics, Despite its financial nature, the budget process requires input from disciplines outside the finance and accounting groups. Then you have to know the finance of this idea capital is by your own money or you will have to take a loan from the bank and know the budget of this idea and make sure you consider salaries of the employs , taxes , electricity fees per month ,have to give a training for people , give them a clear idea about the nature of the work and facilities , equipment that they will work in it , Competitors of the market can make mix by the healthy fast food to attracts people to have fast food should choose place with no competitors to gain more and more people to fast-food . Question 2 Marketing Mix is an arrangement of controllableShow MoreRelatedWith the across the board of machine system, correspondence engineering and the web, E-Commerce, as1500 Words   |  6 Pagessystem, is chic everywhere throughout the world. Store network administration under e-trade environment is a combo of e-business and production network administration. It concentrates on clients, incorporates entire the procedure of store network, makes full utilization of outer assets acknowledges quickly and sharp response, hugely lessens the level of stock. The advancement of e-business gives great circumstance to the execute of inventory network administration, and in the meantime, it additionallyRead MoreThe Concept Of Knowledge Management1270 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The concept of knowledge management (KM) was introduced early in 1990s, which include business administration, public policy, information systems management, library and information sciences. Knowledge Management became popular in the 1995 with the publication of The Knowledge- Creating Company written by Nonaka and Takeuchi. KM is the base for evidence-informed decision making, because it requires organizations and/or individuals to create, access, exchange and translate knowledgeRead MoreIn a Highly Dynamic and Turbulent Environment2748 Words   |  11 PagesIn a highly dynamic and turbulent environment, some mangers of organizations seek to plan their change strategy in the light of circumstances, whilst others have change thrust upon them. Therefore, it benefits all mangers to obtain a better understanding of the relationship between the organization and its environment and react accordingly. Introduction The purpose of this article is to evaluate the statement above and discuss the skills a manager might need to be successful in a increasinglyRead More ATT Business Analysis Essay5151 Words   |  21 PagesATT Business Analysis Executive Summary The world is experiencing a communications revolution. The Internet, e-Commerce and other developments (including the convergence of communication technologies) are profoundly reshaping economic and social life. ATT must position itself to meet the challenge of this revolution. The strategic development of information-based industries is a key to the future social and economic development of the world. The telecommunications industry is of vitalRead MoreSupply Chain of Tire Industry4178 Words   |  17 PagesAbstract This project provides a framework for scrap tire management; based on the description of the key technologies in a tire supply chain. The main actors and technologies in a tire supply chain are described. India have no legislation for the disposal of used tires as of now, but very soon the need will arise for such legislation. Also, dumping of used tires from other developing nations is a major issue. In the wake of these issue a proper supply chain for the scrap tire management is developedRead MoreGlobalization Of Production And Consumption Builds Weight On Firms9648 Words   |  39 Pages 2.2 Supply Chain Complexity Globalization of production and consumption builds weight on firms to offer more noteworthy mixed bags of items at lower costs to stay focused or to keep up market share. The outcome is a differing quality of businesses because of regular developments in products, contracting product life cycles, and growing item ranges to offer customers more noteworthy decision than at any other time in recent memory some time recently. Whilst this pattern has numerous advantages forRead More: Critical Analysis of Organisational Structure and Culture in Relation to Business Performance5081 Words   |  21 Pagescultures regard them not as calamities but challenges, and absorb their lessons†¦..† We can hypothesise that ‘underlying culture ‘refers to organisational culture; ‘bad patch’ refers to a period where business performance is low or employees are moving away form the organisational culture resulting in low business performance; ‘Properly regarded, s etbacks can be instructive’ means that the organisation can learn from their mistakes and overcoming obstacles, and ‘Enduring cultures’ are cultures that are longRead MoreHuman Resource Planning and Development3902 Words   |  16 PagesMd. Helal Uddin Business Administration Discipline Khulna University 2010 Md. Helal Uddin, Business Administration Discipline, Khulna University. helal_bba_ku@yahoo.com. Introduction Human resources are inimitable, appropriable, valuable and scarce, and nonsubstitutable asset which can create competitive advantages. People and their skills are the one thing that competitor organizations cannot imitate. So, human resource management is firmly embedded in important business strategic leversRead MoreSocial Media And Social Networking2492 Words   |  10 PagesSocial Networks History: In the Business environment, Social networking plays a huge role throughout the world. When it comes to the business or enterprise, social networking allows employees to share ideas and collaborate more effectively than professional tools like email, facilitating well-informed as well as faster decision-making and also helps to improve productivity. Social networking sites where people interact freely, sharing and discussing information about each other and their personalRead MoreIn Search of Excellence - Past, Present and Future Su Mi Dahlgaard-Park Institute of Service Management Lund University9912 Words   |  40 PagesPast, Present and Future Su Mi Dahlgaard-Park Institute of Service Management Lund University Jens J. Dahlgaard Division of Quality Technology and Management Linkà ¶ping University Sweden ABSTRACT Some of the leading models and frameworks about Excellence from the last 25 years are presented and discussed: Peters and Waterman’s eight excellence attributes (1982), Peters and Austin’s simplified excellence model (1985), Lists of Best Practices, Xerox Excellence Models (1990, 2002)

Harlequin Enterprises free essay sample

The Mira Decision Harlequin Enterprises has dominated the series romance fiction novel market since the 1970’s. Harlequin has fought off every major competitor in this genre and maintained consistent performance for multiple decades. Brand loyalty, worldwide production capabilities, production efficiencies, creative control, and distribution are the strengths that Harlequin utilizes to dominate the series romance genre. Having a consistent product has helped Harlequin establish a loyal customer base with over 70 million readers worldwide. Surveys indicate that four out of five readers continue to purchase Harlequin books the next year. To keep creativity at a high level Harlequin utilizes over 1,300 authors worldwide to develop the stories while the editors maintain strict control to ensure that the product remains consistent. This method allows Harlequin to maintain a high level of creativity and at the same time keep costs low since they do not have to pay up front the millions of dollars single title novel authors require. We will write a custom essay sample on Harlequin Enterprises or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Legal fees for retaining authors are also low for Harlequin since they use standardized contracts vs. custom contracts typical to the single title genre. Harlequin has a very strong distribution, selling and production system. Harlequin distributes and sells its products in two successful ways: direct retail sales and direct mail. Harlequin novels are available in over 250,000 retail outlets around the world. They do not solely rely on the typical â€Å"big box† book stores such as Barnes and Noble; instead Harlequin utilizes supermarkets, drug stores, kiosks, etc. The book dimensions are designed especially for the racks at the supermarkets. The other source of readership comes from Harlequin’s loyal â€Å"Reader Service† book club. Nearly 60% of all books sold in the U. S. were from the book club. Book club sales are sold at full cover price so Harlequin has healthy profit margins from this market. A weakness for Harlequin is that it is the leader in a market that is mature and experiencing slow growth. Harlequin’s entire business model is set up specifically for the series romance genre. According to Donna Hayes, VP Direct Marketing, â€Å"our strengths lie in series romance. † While harlequin series romance sales have increases roughly 9% in five years, single title romance book sales have increased over 35% in the same period. Harlequin has failed in previous attempts to enter the single title romance market. Their Worldwide Library single title romance program was shut down after two years on the market. A result of the Worldwide Library shutdown was the exodus of many of their popular authors. Many of these authors started their careers with Harlequin but left for other high profile single title publishers willing to pay large amounts to win over the authors. Deciding if Harlequin has a competitive advantage can be looked at from two angles both providing different results. In the series romance genre Harlequin certainly has maintained a competitive advantage over the years. It has consistently been the only player in the market as other publishers have tried and failed at the genre. Harlequin has been able to produce higher revenues and growth within this genre better than any other publisher. As previously discussed, it maintains the most sophisticated distribution system and global author team. That is where Harlequin’s competitive advantage ends. In the overall romance novel market Harlequin does not possess a competitive advantage. The series romance industry has very little opportunity to grow which is representative in Harlequin’s slow year over year revenue trends. The single title genre is growing at a much faster rate. Harlequin’s previous attempt at this genre failed. Harlequin is making a wise decision to enter the single title market with the MIRA program. In order to grow Harlequin must enter a market that provides an opportunity to grow. With a better focus and understanding of this genre Harlequin will be able to capitalize on their existing infrastructure to capture a share of this fast growing genre. Management has estimated that the MIRA novels would not create additional overhead costs and their printing costs were going to be $0. 71 per book vs. 0. 88 industry average. At the same time single title novels would bring $3. 38 in profit margin vs. the $2. 42 that series novels bring. Harlequin will also be able to tap their large roster of author’s for single title novel opportunities. Providing their author’s with an opportunity to expand into a new genre will bring Harlequin create loyalty and better relationshi ps with their authors. Utilizing current authors will help Harlequin get a jump start in the single title market by getting their loyal series customer base to start purchasing single title novels which would create instant revenue. This strategy could be phase one and phase two could be reaching out to new audiences at the big box book stores and online. Harlequin has the business model to capture a competitive advantage in the romance novel market. To do this, it must apply its successful blueprint in the series genre and adjust it to the single title genre. This strategy will allow Harlequin to increase revenue and profits at a higher rate than their competitors.

Simultaneous Speciation Analysis of Inorganic †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Simultaneous Speciation Analysis of Inorganic. Answer: Introduction: The discussion aims to improve the condition of the Mount Morgan Site. It is located in Rockhampton region, Queensland, Australia. It is located on the Dee River. It was copper, silver and gold mine. The mining process in the early times has led to a severe damage to the water body in Queensland. The main objective of the study is to discuss how the water quality can be preserved and acid drainage can be prevented. The government of Queensland has to take serious action to stop the damage. This acid drainage is causing severe damage to the aquatic life, ecosystem and food chain of that particular area. According to Holland et al.,(2014.) the government has taken initiatives to reduce the acid level from the river water. The government has started to dewater the mine to prevent water drainage from the mine to the water body. The government is trying to reduce the water from the pit by water treatment and evaporation of water. They are trying to prevent the water from flowing down to the river. They are trying to regulate the acid water back to the pit and prevent them from flowing in to the river. They are using pumps to draw the waters back to the pit so that they cannot seep down to the rivers. However, these tries are only limited and there is no guarantee that no water is seeping down to the river. The government must make sure that before the water leaves the place they are well treated and made free from acids. The water can be treated with chemicals and then allowed to pass on to the rivers to maintain a well-balanced eco system. The government make sure that the water is fre e from any harmful chemical or acid. Evaporation can never be a final relief to this problem. As it is known that when a water is evaporated it condenses back and falls as rain to another area Vicente-Beckett et al., (2016.). Thus, if the government is taking initiatives and instructing the mine owners to evaporate the water and make the area free from chemicals and pollution then it is also damaging the area where the water will condense and fall as rain(Peng et al., 2015). Thus, if the government tends to make the water free from chemicals then they must treat the water chemically and make it free from acid and other harmful chemicals. The acid drainage makes the river DEE water acidic. The careless act of human has caused a huge damage to the nature. Due to acidic water in river, it has hampered the aquatic life of the river. The fishes are killed or physically damaged due to the acid in the water; this hampers the animal system of that particular area, even when the aquatic life is not killed, they become vulnerable to diseases that might also affect the consumers or other animals(Simate Ndlovu, 2014). The ecology of the area is being hampered along with the animals the aquatic plants are also being affected (Holland, Duivenvoorden Kinnear, 2014). The food chain is getting disturbed due to the damage caused by the acidic water. As the water flows through the soil and reaches the river, they leach aluminium and make the water more acidic. Aluminium doesn't make the water more acidic but when present in acidic soils it does affect plant growth. This acidic water is affecting the young generations of the species, as it is causing death in most of the cases. Due to high PHP level, the fishes are unable to hatch eggs; the food chain in the water body gets disturbed thus affecting the whole system in the river (Oncel et al., 2013). Thus, to prevent the area from such severe damage the government must take a way out to bring a permanent solution to this problem. The river water is the survival zone for many aquatic life and plants. Hence, the government must take judicial and urgent step to prevent this acid drainage into the river. The acid mineral drainage and seepage has eventually affected the environment of Queensland. The mining operation in the early days were neglected and left without any regulations. The government of Queensland must take initiative to prevent the environment any further from being damaged. The primary reason for this is when the sulphuric oxide in minerals are exposed to air and forms sulphuric acid (Mudd, 2013). The source of such acid formation is in the mountains and dumps which are drained into the DEE River. The drained water contains a low php level and high sulphate level. This increases the acid level of the water and makes the water harmful for everyone. According to (Parbhakar-Fox et al., 2014) the water monitoring system indicates that 20km downstream the water quality improved. References: Holland, A., Duivenvoorden, L. J., Kinnear, S. H. (2014). Humic acid decreases acute toxicity and ventilation frequency in eastern rainbowfish (Melanotaenia splendida splendida) exposed to acid mine drainage.Ecotoxicology and environmental safety,110, 16-20.Mudd, G.M., 2013. Mudd, G. M. (2010). The environmental sustainability of mining in Australia: key mega-trends and looming constraints.Resources Policy,35(2), 98-115. Oncel, M. S., Muhcu, A., Demirbas, E., Kobya, M. (2013). A comparative study of chemical precipitation and electrocoagulation for treatment of coal acid drainage wastewater.Journal of Environmental chemical engineering,1(4), 989-995. Parbhakar-Fox, A. K., Edraki, M., Hardie, K., Kadletz, O., Hall, T. (2014). Identification of acid rock drainage sources through mesotextural classification at abandoned mines of Croydon, Australia: implications for the rehabilitation of waste rock repositories.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,137, 11-28. Peng, H., Zhang, N., He, M., Chen, B., Hu, B. (2015). Simultaneous speciation analysis of inorganic arsenic, chromium and selenium in environmental waters by 3-(2-aminoethylamino) propyltrimethoxysilane modified multi-wall carbon nanotubes packed microcolumn solid phase extraction and ICP-MS.Talanta,131, 266-272. Simate, G. S., Ndlovu, S. (2014). Acid mine drainage: Challenges and opportunities.Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering,2(3), 1785-1803. Vicente-Beckett, V. A., Taylor McCauley, G. J., Duivenvoorden, L. J. (2016). Metal speciation in sediments and soils associated with acid-mine drainage in Mount Morgan (Queensland, Australia).Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A,51(2), 121-134.

Stop and Frisk Controversy free essay sample

For young African American men, the constant threat posed by stop and frisk is a concern when leaving the house, walking around the neighborhood, and going out with friends. If they fail to show identification, obey orders from police or respond as expected, they can be harassed, beaten or worse. The stop and frisk law has also became a sexual abuse issue. There have been tons of reports of inappropriate touching, sexual harassment, humiliation and violence at the hands of police officers. The effects of these abuses can be devastating and often leave behind emotional, psychological, and social problems. Young men have reported police officers forcing them to take there clothing off in public, groping there genitals and even â€Å"credit carding† in between there butt cheeks which is when you slide your hand through to check for drugs being held in the anus without wearing gloves. â€Å"they go hard, grabbing stuff they’re not supposed to† said a 17 year old named Garnell from the south Bronx. We will write a custom essay sample on Stop and Frisk Controversy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even when the victims have told the officer directly that they cant do that or don’t touch there, they have said that they can do whatever they want, and have been arrested them for resisting arrest and even resulted in police brutality cases. The experience of being stopped and frisked by police often has an emotional impact on people. This can make people feel unsafe, afraid to leave their homes, and afraid of the police. Many people explained how getting stopped by police had changed the way they lived. For example people described changing their clothing style, or hairstyles, changing their routes or avoiding walking on the street, or carrying around documents such as ID or mail, to provide police officers if stopped. The stop and frisk law is undoubtedly an extreme case of profiling and should be illegal. The statistics speak for themselves, 85% of the people stopped and frisked have been Black or Latino. Interviewers said there has been an increase in stops and frisks of Muslim, Arab, and South Asian people since September 11, 2001. It was documented that even young Black or Latino children have been seen getting stopped on their way back from school making the children feel like criminals even when innocent of a crime. Homeless People who use the public shelter system are also singled out for stops and frisks by police. Interviewers described officers waiting outside of shelters and stopping people that they see coming out. The practice of police entering shelters to search people inside was described as â€Å"routine. † Harassing the less fortunate people that are minding their own business on the street. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. The Fourth Amendment is clearly breached by the stop and frisk law. The power has obviously been abused by the police authorities. Race, religion, homeless or not, profiling and sexual abuse is unacceptable. In a sense the stop and frisk law was good on paper, but in a world of corruption, sexual abuse, and racism, we are not capable of using the stop and frisk law with responsibility, until then we’ll have to live without it.

The Good Ones Hitting the Higher Paying Markets

The Good Ones Hitting the Higher Paying Markets One of my first high-paying features sold to The Investor for $170 (Six String Stocks, October 2015). I’ve sold others since, including a piece for Catholic Digest that earned $500. I sure didn’t think it was possible when I started out with $20/article rates. Here’s how I got to higher rates and why you should. Searching terms Use search engines to find work, contacts and guidelines. Use quotes (â€Å") to search for specific terms, minus and plus-signs (â€Å"-â€Å") and â€Å"+†) to include or exclude them and asterisks (â€Å"*†) as wildcards. Include terms like â€Å"pay†, â€Å"rates†, â€Å"$200† and â€Å"guidelines† to dig for new markets or add terms like â€Å"co.uk† to search abroad. Try other engines like DeeperWeb, DogPile,GigaBlast and DuckDuckGo. Get out of the rat race Say no to content mill-like rates of $5 per 1, 000 words, even when desperate: Your time is more valuable elsewhere, and realizing that early on will ensure that you get to writing for better rates and stronger markets sooner. Going up Many markets offer low starting rates, but higher rates or bonuses with more exposure and experience. These are worthwhile over time, but don’t put all your eggs in only this type of market. Also, consider discussing a rate increase with your regular clients/writing markets, but no more than once a year. Exchange rates Break into international markets with better exchange rates: Yes, you could write for readers outside your country if you keep an eye on breaking news, popular publications, and local quirks. Mind your language: Americans say hood, Brits say bonnet. While South African-based, most of my articles go abroad (where it’s 13.26ZAR to one US dollar) my first, in fact, was sold to FundsforWriters! Chasing the niche Features and longer-form pieces often pay more; the same is true for niche markets.. Tai Chi Magazine pays $500 for 3,500 words, writing for The Sun Magazine can earn up to $2,000 per feature. Fine Woodworking, on the other hand, pays $150 per page. What can only you write? The pitching process A higher-paying feature is pitched like any other, but you can make it easier Writing on-spec Many markets, especially (though not just) high-paying ones, prefer a fully completed article over a pitch. Write on-spec a lot and you’ll have a higher success-rate, period. Articles that are rejected go into what I call â€Å"The Article Pit† and are sold elsewhere, usually with minor edits. Negotiate your rates Be prepared to negotiate when a publication asks you to state your rate first. Reply It takes time While higher-end features pay more money, don’t expect quick money. On average, these pieces can require more research, several rewrites and may take time – sometimes more than a year – from pitch to publication and payment. Do you have ideas that could sell? Best of luck!

The World Trade Organisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

The World Trade Organisation - Essay Example Considering the on-going trading between developed and developing countries, WTO is often accused of benefiting richer nations to the detriment of poorer ones. For this study, the advantages and disadvantages of joining the WTO will be discussed. Based on the evidences gathered during the research process, critical analysis will be applied in the study. Prior to conclusion, recommended ways in which the WTO could be transformed positively in terms of being able to help developing nations will be tackled. For the conclusion part, whether or not the WTO is benefiting richer nations to the detriment of the poorer ones will be answered as part of the conclusion. Thesis Statement â€Å"The truth behind the accusation that the WTO is benefiting richer nations to the detriment of the poorer ones† Advantages and Disadvantages of Joining the WTO Advantages Increases the Overall Economic Activities in Developing Countries WTO offers a better business opportunity on the part of developing countries. A good example is the case of China which signed the joining contract with WTO back in 2001. (Klapper, 2008; Mastel, 2001) Prior to China’s active participation in the world market, the country was considered one of the most underdeveloped countries due to lack of infrastructure, technology, and technical skills that could enable them to compete with developed countries. (Chow, 2006) Because of the huge market in China and cheaper labor costs, developed countries like the U.S., Canada and Europe among others began establishing their manufacturing companies in China.

Fashion - Mexican Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fashion - Mexican Culture - Essay Example The essay "Fashion - Mexican Culture" concerns the Mexican culture and fashion. The modern Mexican clothing differs in various ways from the traditional modes of clothing. The difference signifies transformations that have taken place in the Mexican culture. The traditional Mexican clothing was as a result of past generation’s inheritance. In simple terms, the style’s pieces used by indigenous Mexican people evolved with Spanish colonization. It possessed strong and vivid colors and used natural fibers such as wool, agave and cotton. The women’s typical clothing included a skirt, a rezobo, a huipil and a quenchquemitl. The traditional men’s clothing incorporated shirts and trousers. They had unique garments in a couple of things and also possessed numerous interesting details. The modern Mexican clothing, on the other hand, resembles most of the western types of clothes. However, the Mexican clothes may have more colorful character that adds on them a nati ve feeling. Other clothing may possess styles and designs with Mexican graphics and symbols. The aspect makes the Mexican clothing unique from many other cultures across the globe. In various ways, many Mexican individuals nowadays are more formal and conservative in the clothes they wear as opposed to their counterparts in the United States or Canada. Currently in Mexico, there has erupted a trend for the general Mexican public to make use of modern garments with great influence from the traditional clothing. The women have a tendency of wearing rezobos.

Bruxism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bruxism - Essay Example In one study, it was found that the level of pressure exerted on the teeth, gums and joints is as high as three times the forces experienced during normal chewing (Castaneda, 1992: 46). In the case of those individuals who experience bruxism primarily when they’re asleep, the condition may not be diagnosed until well after complications arise, making it essential that the signs and symptoms of bruxism be recognized by dental practitioners as a means of reducing the level of damage. In learning to recognize the condition from a dental standpoint, it is important to note one of the primary symptoms of extreme bruxers is significantly worn down tooth enamel. â€Å"Instead of a white enamel cover, one often sees the more yellowish and softer dentin. The back teeth of some chronic bruxers often lose their cusps and natural contours, appearing instead flat, as if they had been worked over with a file or sandpaper† (Nissani, 2000a). This wearing down of the enamel has the obvious consequences of leaving teeth more vulnerable to cavity-causing bacteria requiring greater need for bridges, crowns, root canals, implants, partial dentures and sometimes even full dentures. â€Å"In one study, more than 75 percent of observed implant fractures occurred in patients with signs and histories of chronic bruxism. Hence, in cases of untreatable severe bruxism, the use of implants is strongly counterindicated† (Rangert et al, 1995). There are several other visible sy mptoms of bruxism as well. These include changes in appearance over time, as the teeth become shorter, bringing the chin and the nose closer together, and the overdevelopment of facial muscles, especially those most concerned with chewing. The causes of bruxism remain unknown. Stress is one important recognized factor in the development of the disorder, but other considerations may also play a part. In very young children, the disorder has a tendency to work itself out

Case study: Emotions in the workplace

Case study: Emotions in the workplace Emotions are essential to humans as they permeate almost every aspect of our lives insofar as they guide our behaviour to fit with contextual demands. Emotions also motivate change and facilitate learning. They inform us when to fight or flight and serve as fundamental social functions. (Gross, 1999). As emotions are fundamental social functions, all emotional events are situations that are relevant to a persons well being. The type of event varies according to their valence (positive versus negative) and according to the strength of subjective feelings and physical reactions that they elicit in a person. There has been a number of studies that focus on the components and the importance of emotions. Existing research however lacks the events that cause emotional experiences. This research will focus on understanding the events that and the type of emotional experiences this will cause. Components of Emotions Emotion which is a term used widely in everyday language, constitutes a hypothetical construct, i.e., a conceptual and operational definition of an underlying phenomenon that constitutes the object of theory and research. Most modern emotion theorists have adopted a componential approach to emotion, suggesting that an emotion episode consists of coordinated changes in several components. Most of the theories in the field of recognise that emotion and cognition are intertwined. But emotion is not simply a cognitive process (Frijda, 1988) It is actually recognised as being: a psychological construct consisting of several aspects of components: a) the component of cognitive appraisal or evaluation of stimuli and situations, b) the physiological component of acitivation or arousal, c) the component of motor expression, d) the motivational component, including behaviour intentions or behaviour readiness, and c) the component of motor expression, d) the motivational component, including behaviour intentions or behaviour readiness and e) the component of subjective feeling state. (Scherer, 1984). Psychological arousal: This can be defined as physiological changes such as temperature sensations, respiratory and cardiovascular accelerations and decelerations, trembling muscle spasms, as well as feelings of constrictions in internal organs, are frequently part of emotion descriptions. (Ekman et al., 1983; Frijda, 1986; Stemmler, 2004). These neurophysiological changes in emotional episodes are generally attributed to (1) th emotion eliciting event disturbing ongoing homeostatic regulation and the smooth behavioural coordination, and (2) the preparation of appropriate adaptive responses (e.g., producing the necessary energy for appropriate actions such as fight or flight). Motor Expression: Facial and vocal expression, as well as gestures and posture during emotion episodes are generally considered to be central motor components of emotion (Ekman, 1984,1992; Izard, 1971). Darwin (1872/1998) conceptualized expression rudiments of formerly adaptive behaviours (e.g., clenching ones teeth as a rudiment of a biting response). In response, emotion researchers have highlighted the communicative functions of emotion expressions, informing others of an individuals reaction and its corresponding behaviour patterns. (Ekman, 1992; Frijda, 1986; Scherer, 1984; Tomkins, 1962). Subjective Feeling Individuals verbally report a multitude of qualitatively different feelings, using a rich emotion vocabulary. These internal sensations, often considered as necessarily conscious experiences, constitute irreducible qualities of feeling unique to the specific emotional experience of a particular individual (Frijda, 1986; Lazarus, 1991; Ortony Turner, 1990). The feeling component of emotion can be conceptualized as a reflection of all changes in components during an emotion episode, i.e., the results of event appraisal, motivational change, and proprioceptive feedback from motor expression and physiological reactions. It is important to define differentially the concepts in this fashion, as the tendency to use emotion (the process as a whole) and feeling (one of its components) as a synonyms results in confusion. (Scherer, 2000) Behaviour Preparation Emotion theories of an explicitly componential persuasion have explicitly postulated a motivational function of emotional responses in the form of behaviour preparation or action tendencies (Frijda, 1986: Scherer, 1984). Emotions interrupt ongoing goal-directed behaviour and produce action tendencies that are specifically adapted to dealing with the environmental contingency that has elicited the emotional response. Importantly this component of emotion generally prepares a general behaviour readiness as well as several alternative action tendencies allowing the organism to choose according to context and strategic considerations. Cognitive processes Emotions also have a cognitive component. This component consists of the appraisal processes that drive the coordinated changes in the components described above. Proponents of appraisal theories of emotion suggest that emotional reactions are determined by the subjective evaluation of events with respect to their significance for the well-being and goal attainment of individuals. (Scherer, 2004) In addition, emotions often have strong effects on perceptual and cognitive processes such as attention, thinking, memory, problem solving, judgement, decision making and the like. (Dalgleish et al. 1999) Furthermore it is important to understand the valence of emotions, hence various researchers have done research on everyday emotional experiences e.g. Boucher, Brandstatter Eliasz, Oately Duncan, Scherer Tannenbaum, Scherer, as well as Wallbott, Summerfield. This research has shown that the most frequent occurring emotional events are generally associated with relationships with other people (eg. Partner, family, friends), work-related situations, attainment of personal goals and life changes. Positive emotional events may include birth of a child, receiving a present, attending a concert or getting a job. Negative emotional events encompass critical situations, such as arguing with a close friend, learning that a family member is ill etc. (Scherer, 2004). Emotions link structure and agency, meaning that they are the link between social structure and social acting. (Barbalet, 2002). A widely held view in contemporary emotion psychology is that emotions or at least a core subset of emotions, are organised patterns of more or less specific cognitive, experimental, behavioural (action-related), expressive, and physiological components. This assumption which is frequently motivated by the hypotheses about the evoluntary origin and biological function of emotions is the common denominator of syndrome theories of emotion and it is shared by authors of otherwise fairly different theoretical persuasions. (Ekman, 1992; Izard 1977) This has an impact on how emotions can either distort individuals perceptions by imparing judgement and biasing information retrieval, or they can improve the accuracy of individuals perceptions by highlighting what is important and what is at stake. (Seo Barrett, 2007). In studies of escalation of commitment, emotions appeare to have a direct influence on the decision of whether to persist or withdraw from a failing situation. An example of this can be demonstrated by Wong and Kwong (2006) where it was demonstrated that the desire to escape the unpleasant emotions people during a decision-making dilemma can lead to de-escalation of commitment. In contrast, a study by Wong and Kwong (2007) found that the possibility of feeling regret can cause people to increase escalation of commitment. The importance of emotions in the workplace Organisations involve complex relationships that are interdependent often competitive and compulsory. Employees must often interact with a range of people not necessarily of their choosing. A hierarchical relationships normally characterises most organisations which includes status differences that are primarily caused by an emotional response. ( Tiedens, 2001) In organisations, employees learn what is expected and what is acceptable by means of social norms (Bettenhausen Murnighan, 1991; Chatman Barsade, 1995; Salancik Pfeffer, 1978). One type of organisation norm involves the emotions expressed by employees in the workplace (Kelly Barsade, 2001; Rafaeli Worline, 2001). Though almost all situations have implicit expectations concerning which emotions are appropriate or inappropriate to express (Ekman, 1973), employees frequently display certain emotions in the workplace in reaction to organisational-specific situations or events (Ashforth Humphrey, 1995; Martin, Knopoff Beckman, 1998) and as a way of fulfilling their work roles (Hochchild, 1983; Rafaeli Sutton, 1991; Sutton, 1991; Van Maanent Kunda, 1989). There is consistent evidence that the expression of certain emotions or at least of some specific response components for example, anger, fear, enjoyment, sadness and disgust the infamous basic emotions is distinctive and universal among the human species. (Ekman, 1993). The expression of other emotions, sometimes dubbed social or self-conscious emotions, such as shame, guilt, grief or embarrassment, does not seem to be universal, although patterns of expression are highly consistent within a socio-cultural setting. It seems patterns of expression are highly consistent within a socio-cultural setting. It seems that in whatever way the different expressions of these emotions may have evolved, as long as individuals stay in the cultural or social structure setting they were socialized in, they are on the safe side when it comes to interpreting emotion expressions. Thus, emotion expressions are a potent signaling device capable of conveying clues that allow the mutual attribution of un derlying feeling states. Moreover, emotion expressions also allow the inference of other corresponding mental states that are constituent for the emotion expressed. These attributions function as mechanisms that reduce social complexity and intercept double contingency circuits. They furthermore allow forseeing the consequences of an emotion for individual behaviour, the course of interaction, and the overall group behaviour. (Hortsmann 2003). This explains the reason why emotion expression may influence decision making. This is done by shaping individuals beliefs about the social environment (Baron, 1992). An emotion can be like a perceptual lens to determine what is potentially threatening to an individual in a particular situation hence determining a belief about the social environment. As the decision making is context is marked by uncertainty, decision makers behaviour is likely to be strongly influenced by cues in the social environment (Taylor, 1979). Through experience one will be able to understand and display certain emotion expressions. This is as a result of individuals being able to shape employees beliefs about what is expected, what is acceptable, and the possible consequences of things going wrong. In this way, emotion expression norms have a direct influence on decision making behaviour. These norms help influence beliefs about the social environment. It has been further proven that individuals are more sensitive to negative cues than to positive ones (Rozin Royzman, 2001). Further negative cues elicit stronger affective and behavioural reactions than do positive ones (Cacioppo, Gardner, Berntson, 1999). Experience and expression of negative emotions drive people to avoid situations that could lead to negative outcomes, such as threats and failure (Carver, 2001; Higgens, 1997). Based on above some it is in can be deduced that employees learn what is acceptable by means of social norms (Bettenhausen Murinighan, 1991; Chatman Barsade, 1995; Salancik Pfeffer, 1978). Though almost all situations have implicit expectations concerning which emotions are appropriate or inappropriate to express (Ekman, 1973), employees frequently display certain emotions in the workplace in relation to organization-specific situations or events (Ashforth Humphrey, 1995; Martin, Knopoff Beckman, 1998) and as a way of fulfilling their roles (Hoschchild, 1983; Rafaeli Sutton, 1991; Van Maanen Kunda, 1989). Therefore we can deduce that emotion expression may influence organizational decision making by shaping individuals beliefs about the social environment (Baron, 1992). Beliefs concerning emotions expressed in the workplace can affect decision making behaviour by acting as a perceptual lens to determine what is salient to an individual in a particular situation (Lazarus Folkman, 1984). Organizational decision making often occurs in the context of ambiguous cues (Bronckner, 1992; Staw, 1997) Organisational decision making often occurs in the context of complex and ambigious cues (Brockner, 1992; Staw, 1997). Because the decision making context is marked by uncertainty, decision makers behaviour is likely to be strongly influenced by cues in the social environment (Taylor, 1979). Coworkers emotion expressions can shape employees beliefs about what is expected, what is acceptable, and the possible consequences of things going wrong. In this way, emotion expression norms do not have a direct influence on decision making. Rather norms influence individuals beliefs about the social environment. Emotional fit will help an employee keep his/her emotional resources at optimum levels. The deviation between the activation levels of affective trait and emotional climate will make the workplace emotionally draining environment for the employee. (Gardner and Cummings, 1988). An important topic in the psychology of emotions is whether an emotional experience and reactions result from innate biological patterns or whether such reactions and experiences are culturally determined. Charles Darwin (1872) was one of the most influential in this discussion, arguing for innate emotion programmes and using an intriguing multitude of research tools now common in cross cultural psychology, such as observations and questionnaires. Other theories of emotion including Tomkins (1962/1963), Izard (1977) and Ekman (1984), followed his line of reasoning and succeeded in demonstrating cross-cultural equivalents of facial expression patterns for some fundamental emotions. On one hand, cultural relativists like Birdwhistell (1970), have proposed that emotional experiences and reactions differ depending on cultural factors. These include the following aspects namely: the nature of the emotion eliciting the situation (in particular psychological symptoms, nonverbal reactions li ke facial or vocal expressions, subjective experiences or feeling state of a person and the regulation attempts used to control or manage the situation and the emotional reactions (Wallbott and Scherer, 1985,pp 763-764). That is, in order to address the question of universality versus cultural specificity of emotion, one has to demonstrate conclusively that situations eliciting specific emotions are the same across cultures, that reactions and symptom patterns accompanying emotional experiences are universal, and that control and coping attempts used to regulate emotional experience are the same worldwide. The above demonstrates the importance of having an emotional fit as well as the importance of emotions in the workplace. Emotions are seen as one of the basic functions of the human psyche and therefore play a central role in psychology (Salovey Mayer, 1990), especially in work and organisational psychology, both in theoretical and applied settings. Emotions exist in everyday workplaces and they impact on peoples performance. Because this impact can sometimes be detrimental, a belief in relegating emotions behind the rule of logic and reason is deeply engrained in modern managers psyche. In truth, this belief goes all the way back to the teachings of Plato who saw logic as the path to objective truth, while emotions were simply irrational temptations to be avoided. This belief was entrenched in the principles of scientific management developed by Frederick Taylor in the early 20th century, and continues to permeate modern society (Kapp, 2000). Emotion has represented a tantalizing subject for social inquiry because it appears to tell us about our true selves : the self that , after all the thinking an d the interacting are done, feeling the welling up of rage , the tender pangs of love , the black emptiness of despair. (Boellstorff Lindquist , 2004). The function of emotion evolves into a process that not only permits the evaluation of the consequences of another behaviour but also aids in the prediction of anothers emotional behaviour. (Darwin, 2005). Being as we spend most of our time at work, it is important to understand the impact that emotions will have on our fit to an organisation emotionally, the link between emotion and climate of an organization as well as copying responses to an exhausting environment. Emotional fit will help an employee keep his /her emotional resources at optimum levels. The deviation between activation levels of affective trait and emotional climate will make the workplace an emotionally draining environment for the employee. This proposition is line with the activation theory. Activation theory holds that every individual has characteristic level of activation that he/she is motivated to maintain in his/her environment. Assuming that emotional climate has an influence on employees affective experiences at work and considering the strongly intertwined relationship between activation and emotion, it is plausible to argue that the emotional climate of a workplace comprises a force that can influence the experienced activation level of employees in the workplace. (Maslach, 1982). When there is an emotional fit, as a copying response to the exhausting impact of the workplace, the employee will attempt to emotionally detach himself/herself from other people and develop a depersonalized response to them (Cordes and Dougherty, 1993). This tendency will be reflected in the way the employee expresses emotions whilst interacting with others at work. Specifically, when there is a misfit between an employees affective trait and the emotional climate of his/her workplace, the employee will engage in surface acting while interacting with others, which refers to altering ones displayed emotions to be able to express the desired behaviours at work (Hochschild, 1983). Supporting this argument, prior research has suggested that surface acting can be utilized by employees as a way of buffering themselves from emotional exhaustion. (Conrad and Witte, 1994) When an employees emotional resources are depleted as a result of emotional misfit, this will increase his/her tendency to psychologically and physically withdraw from work. From an employees intention to get back to his/her characteristics level of activation altered by the impact of emotional climate. When the work environment becomes psychologically uncomfortable, the employees often try to psychologically withdraw from the work environment by engaging in a number of non work related activities, such as daydreaming and spending time on personal matters (Lehman and Simpson, 1992). When there is an emotional misfit, the employees task performance will decrease because the excessive amount of tension and stress experienced by the emotionally exhausted employee (Maslach and Jackson, 1981) hinders his/her cognitive and attention capacity to perform his/her task effectively. (Eysenck, 1983). Emotional exhaustion has also been considered to result in lower level of self-efficacy expectations (Brief and Aldag, 1981) and reduced sense of personal adequacy, both of which are elements of task performance. (Maslach, 1982). We can thus assume that the expression of emotions in organisational life can have important consequences for the person displaying the emotion as well as for the person who is the target of this display. (Rafaeli Sutton, 1989). The impact of culture on emotions According to Frijda and Mesquita (1995), cultural influences on the emotions process are mediated to a larger extent by the significance an emotion has for an individual. Frijda and Mesquita distinguished among three aspects of emotion that are culturally influences. Frijda and Mesquita distinguished three aspects of emotion that are culturally influenced. First they are considered social consequences of emotions that regulates social expression and suppression of emotions. Second they stressed the importance of norms for experiencing different emotions. Thirdly they discussed social- cohesive function of emotions. Several ethnographic emotions, particularly in how the expressions of emotions is valued. There are strong cultural difference in display rules (Ekman Friesan, 1969; Izard, 1980) that are learning when going through the socialisation process (Saarni, 1999). There are also cultural differences in the norms for experiencing different emotions. (Hoschild, 1093). This would be relevant to the discussion regarding social norms that describe how people should feel in specific situations, eg., on a wedding day or at a funeral. In addition to the situational feeling rules, norms for the experience of emotions can also be present in a society in the form of generalized expectations. This means that the emotions can differ in their desirability and perceived appropriateness across situations. The emotion climate of nations can be characterized by generalized norms for experiencing different emotions an the fact that these norms are subject to historical change. (Stearns, 1994; Stearns Lewis, 1998).

A Feminist Reading of Updikes Rabbit, Run Essay -- Feminism Feminist

A Feminist Reading of Rabbit, Run  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   I do not like Harry "Rabbit" Angstrom. This creation of John Updike, this man who abandons his pregnant wife and young child, and his alliance to the late 1950's feeling of unrest and rebellion makes me angry. Many times throughout this novel my cheeks flushed furiously and I could not contain my exasperated sighs. When I read the last sentences of Rabbit, Run and closed the book, I was disappointed. It was not because Updike fails to make it clear where or to whom Rabbit runs (home to his wife? back to the prostitute?). Surprisingly, I was most disappointed because the novel had come to an end. Although my reaction to Rabbit was negative, it was a very strong reaction; I had become emotionally involved. Because Updike created this anti-heroic but fascinating main character, I was absorbed into his world. I do not like Harry "Rabbit" Angstrom, but because Updike's writerly skill, I understand him. And, by understanding him, I am able to realize the importance his place i s among the most influential (particularly American) literary characters.   Part of the reason that Updike's novel (and the subsequent three Rabbit novels to follow) has become such an essential piece of literature in the American tradition is Rabbit himself. Although he is not likeable, there are various important aspects and depths to the character of Harry Angstrom that cannot be overlooked. Some critics choose to look at the surface and explore Rabbit's nature comparatively with rabbits (the animal). There are many instances when we do see Rabbit acting much like his namesake. For example when he visits his parents home Updike describes this in very rabbit-like terms: Rabbit stealthily approaches hi... ...h him for anything.    Works Cited Detweiler, Robert. John Updike. Indianapolis: Indiana University, 1984. 33-45.    Kielland-Lund, Erik. "The Americanness of Rabbit, Run: A Transatlantic View." New Essays on Rabbit, Run. Ed. Stanley Trachtenberg. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. 77-94.    O'Connell, Mary. Updike and the Patriarchal Dilemma. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1996. 13-36.    Pinsker, Sanford. "Restlessness in the 1950s: What Made Rabbit Run?" New Essays on Rabbit, Run. Ed. Stanley Trachtenberg. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. 53-76.    Stevick, Philip. "The Full Range of Updike's Prose." New Essays on Rabbit, Run. Ed. Stanley Trachtenberg. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. 31-52.    Updike, John. Rabbit, Run. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1960.   

Comparison of the Chinese and American Cultures Essay

According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, culture is defined as â€Å"the integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief and behavior that depends upon the capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations. † Culture is an aspect all groups of humans have and even though it is an aspect our species shares, the supposed differences make it seem like we are of different species! Culture is something that both connects and separates us. Culture is something distinct enough to create barriers among us, such as: linguistic barriers and behavioral barriers. And this is especially seen between the American and Chinese cultures. River Town, by Peter Hessler, is a non-fiction novel that depicts Peter’s experiences as a Peace Corps volunteer in Fuling, China. He was sent to Fuling (a poor town on the banks of the Yangtze River) in 1996 and taught English and American literature for two years at a teachers college. This novel, in reading, seems more of a journal and thus, his writing of China puts the people and his experiences on a more personal level. He describes, with immense detail, his observations of the social, political and cultural issues of China and his experience as a waiguoren (foreigner). At his arrival, the people of the teachers college showered him and his fellow Peace Corps volunteer with many gifts and did everything they could to make them feel comfortable and welcome. However, alternately, whenever Peter would walk outside the campus of the school, the people would stare and gawk at him and yell, â€Å"outsider! † and â€Å"hello† out of curiosity and their own amusement. This made him dedicate a large part of his day solely to learning Chinese. As he becomes more proficient in Chinese, he develops friendships and connections and begins to feel more accepted. He talks about the troubled history of China: the struggles of land reform, decades of misguided economic policies and especially the damaging effects of the Cultural Revolution. Peter spends a good deal discussing the, then, upcoming project of the Three Gorges Dam, which has an immense, detrimental impact on the people. The project will require millions of villagers to be displaced and will destroy centuries worth of meaningful history. The author gives a very vivid illustration of the beautiful landscape, history and the people he meets. He also portrays the, especially political, perspectives of the Chinese quite well through learning from his students and teachers. According to Francis Hsu, the two sets of contrasts are: individual-centered versus situation-centered and the prominence of emotions versus the underplay of all matters regarding the heart. He believed Americans are concerned only of themselves and act according to what would be beneficial to them, and that the Chinese acted according to the situation at hand. The Chinese avoid direct confrontation, open criticism and controversial topics to maintain harmony. â€Å"In America, he saw the blind, often excessive pursuit of self-reliance and the inherent, permanent instability of human relationships as the root cause of many intractable social ills, including crime, racial discord, and the sale of influence in government. In China, he saw the traditional narrow focus on kinship based relationships had rendered their society unable to effectively counter Western colonialism, widespread poverty and famine, and even the practice of foot binding of women. † (Tong 2001) One aspect of the book that really interested me was the education system and different cultural differences of how education is looked upon. In the book, the students all had the same thoughts on almost every issue and those opinions would be unwavering. However, â€Å"Perhaps by my standards they were politically brainwashed, but compared to the past they were remarkably free. † (Hessler 2001:23) They would also communicate indirectly to Hessler; often times via their journals. Not only is the learning environment in China highly competitive and demanding, but expectations are high of students, forcing them to simply learn to achieve the highest grade possible. Also, Chinese students do not have electives they can choose from, they are assigned classes that best correspond to their scores on tests. Whereas in America, individualism and self-expression if looked high upon. Thus, in America, the individual student’s abilities and skills determine where they go in the future, and in China, what society or their parents want determines where they go. This is exactly what Francis Hsu talked about. I believe Peter Hessler was relatively objective in his journaling. Whenever he brought up thoughts or opinions of his students or any of the Fuling people, he briefly gave the history and background of them so we can understand where they are coming from. However, there were a few times where you could sense his extreme bias, but this was never fully evident in his writing. The difference between American and Chinese homes reflects the contrasting patterns of behavior in the family. In the US, children are highly regarded, cared for and have privilege, so far as to have laws and regulations protecting them. In China, children are taken for granted and have little to no reason to expect protection. Pediatrics was not a branch of medicine in China until just recently. In America, what is important is what parents should do for their parents; in China, what is important is what the children should do for their parents. This is a major reason why Chinese students are so focused on getting the best grades, so they can get a good job and take care of their elders. This is the basis for Filial Piety (virtue of respect for one’s parents and ancestors). American students focus on what is best for them and will usually move out the house at age 18 with no regard to taking care of their elders. Another difference between the two cultures is social relationships. The Chinese have formal, hierarchal relationships in which they feel most comfortable knowing their position. Americans have informal, egalitarian relationships in which they feel most comfortable among their equals and social ranking is not important. Ironically however, the Chinese tend to have a few, very close friends to whom they feel obligated to when it comes to helping them; Americans tend to have numerous â€Å"friends† and acquaintances that changes over time and to whom they feel no obligations. Works Cited 2001 River Town: Two years on the Yangtze. HarperCollins Publishers. Aguilar, Leslie, and Linda Stokes 1996. Multicultural Customer Service: Providing Outstanding. Service Across Cultures. Chicago: Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc â€Å"CultureAbout Our Definitions: All Forms of a Word (noun, Verb, Etc. ) Are Now Displayed on One Page. † Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n. d. Web. 18 Apr. 2013 Li Qing 1995. â€Å"Face, Guanxi, Houmen(r) & Elastic Rules: Insight into the Chinese Culture. † Presentation at conference of NAFSA: Association of International Educators. Tong, William K. â€Å"Excerpts from Americans & Chinese by Francis Hsu. † Excerpts from Americans & Chinese by Francis Hsu. Oakton Community College, 2001. Web. 22 Apr. 2013.   

Free Essays on Where The Red Fern Grows

Where the Red Fern Grows By: Wilson Rawls SETTINGS: The story takes place in the Cherokee Country. The Cherokee Country is a beautiful valley. The country is big with a lot of space to go around for everyone. It is the foothills of the mountain to the banks of the Illinois River in the northern eastern of Oklahoma where the house was located at. The land was rich and the smell of spring was the scent you would sell. The house was at the edge of the foothill in the mouth of the canyon and it was surrounded by grove of huge red oaks. To the back of the house you could see miles and miles of Ozarks. Below the fields is where the Illinois River ran. CHARACTERS: The main character in the story is Billy in the beginning of the story he was only ten years old. He was a country boy, skinny, tall, and a very active boy. Little Ann and Old Dan are the two hound dogs that Billy owns. When Billy First got the dogs, Little Ann was small if it wasn’t for her long ear you wouldn’t be able to tell that she was a hound dog. Old Dan was bigger then Little Ann but he was a wild little dog. Both dog where very smart and they were quick learners. The other characters in the story are Billy’s mom, dad, sister, and grandfather. Billy’s mom was Cherokee blood and that why the land was allotted to her. She was a very hard working house wife. His Dad worked n the farm. He worked to maintain his family. Now Billy had three little sisters that were younger then him. They were the curies little girls that you can find. Billy’s grandfather was a respected man. Billy’s family was not very rich they lived off what they grow in their farm, but yet they were united and hard workers. PLOT: The first Event that takes place in the story is that Billy sees an old dog get jumped by other dogs. At first Billy didn’t pay attention to it, but as he got closer he saw that it wasn’t a fair fight. Billy started to make noise to sc... Free Essays on Where The Red Fern Grows Free Essays on Where The Red Fern Grows Where the Red Fern Grows By: Wilson Rawls SETTINGS: The story takes place in the Cherokee Country. The Cherokee Country is a beautiful valley. The country is big with a lot of space to go around for everyone. It is the foothills of the mountain to the banks of the Illinois River in the northern eastern of Oklahoma where the house was located at. The land was rich and the smell of spring was the scent you would sell. The house was at the edge of the foothill in the mouth of the canyon and it was surrounded by grove of huge red oaks. To the back of the house you could see miles and miles of Ozarks. Below the fields is where the Illinois River ran. CHARACTERS: The main character in the story is Billy in the beginning of the story he was only ten years old. He was a country boy, skinny, tall, and a very active boy. Little Ann and Old Dan are the two hound dogs that Billy owns. When Billy First got the dogs, Little Ann was small if it wasn’t for her long ear you wouldn’t be able to tell that she was a hound dog. Old Dan was bigger then Little Ann but he was a wild little dog. Both dog where very smart and they were quick learners. The other characters in the story are Billy’s mom, dad, sister, and grandfather. Billy’s mom was Cherokee blood and that why the land was allotted to her. She was a very hard working house wife. His Dad worked n the farm. He worked to maintain his family. Now Billy had three little sisters that were younger then him. They were the curies little girls that you can find. Billy’s grandfather was a respected man. Billy’s family was not very rich they lived off what they grow in their farm, but yet they were united and hard workers. PLOT: The first Event that takes place in the story is that Billy sees an old dog get jumped by other dogs. At first Billy didn’t pay attention to it, but as he got closer he saw that it wasn’t a fair fight. Billy started to make noise to sc...

Critical Analysis of Frida essays

Critical Analysis of Frida essays Henry Ward Beecher once said, Every artist dips his brush in his own soul, and paints his own nature into his pictures. With her brush, Mexican artist, Frida Kahlo, painted the pain, horror, happiness, and triumphs that made up this extraordinary womans life. Fifty years after Kahlos death, her story has inspired director Julie Taymor to take on the enormous project of putting together 120 minutes of a movie to show this womans strengths, weaknesses, failures, and victories. Through the acting, the sets, and the use of Kahlos paintings, Taymor remarkably captures the life of this artist, emphasizing the enduring power of the human spirit. The movie begins with an aging Frida (Salma Hayek) being carried in her bed out of her house and quickly switches to her high school years. She goes to see famous muralist, Diego Rivera (Alfred Molina), and immediately becomes intrigued by his womanizing demeanor. A calamitous bus accident leaves Frida temporarily bed stricken with a shattered back. After weeks of being hospitalized, she returns home and paints throughout the rest of her recovery. Eventually, Frida gains enough strength to seek an evaluation of her art from Rivera. Over a period of time, their friendship evolves into a romantic liaison. Although Diego will not maintain fidelity, they agree to marry as long as he remains loyal to Frida. Numerous affairs on both sides plague their marriage and provide anger and discomfort. After agreeing to have a child, fate coldly embraces the life of their unborn. One evening, Frida catches her sister with Diego. Consequently, they separate and divorce. After several flings in Mexi co and Paris, Frida realizes she misses Diego. They remarry, and Fridas medical conditions worsen. Just before her first art exhibition, her doctor demands that she stay in bed. Flashing back to the opening scene, Frida is carried out of her house and to her exhibit. The movie e...

Ethic report for wind and solar and hydropower Essay

Ethic report for wind and solar and hydropower - Essay Example an be produced in different scales namely large hydro (more than 10megawatts), small hydro (upto10 megawatts), micro hydro (up to 100kw), and pico hydro (up to 5kw). One major advantage of hydroelectric power is that the operational cost of a hydroelectric plant is almost immune to the increase in the cost of fossils fuel and, more so, absolutely no imports are required for the same. Hydropower is a clean source of energy with absolutely no emissions of Carbon Dioxide, and, therefore, no pollution to the environment. Global warming is also minimized. The hydropower dams can be used as a habitat for some fish and wildlife. More so, the water can be used for irrigation purposes, and they make the surrounding area around fertile (Ryan, 2009). Additionally, electricity can be produced at a constant rate and electricity generation can be stopped when it is not needed by closing sluice gates. Therefore, water can be stored for some time when there is less demand for electricity. Since dams can stay for a longer period it can be used to, store water there is no high demand of power. It is vital to note that many nations recommend hydropower because it does not emit any harmful chemicals and gases such as carbon dioxide and it is not a major contributor to global warming via carbon dioxide. Hydropower is a renewable source of energy or power because rivers and streams are naturally available. Further, hydropower is not expensive as compared to energy produced from nuclear energy or fossil fuels. The advantage of hydroelectric reservoirs is that they are able to tackle daily, seasonal, and peak loads. For instance, when the demand of electric falls, the reservoirs or dams store water while some installed electricity generators are used to store excess energy (Ryan, 2009). The cost of generating hydropower is low making it the most preferable source of the world’s renewable energy. Further, hydroelectric plants are said to have long economic lives with some plants

Choose from description below Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Choose from description below - Research Paper Example Lee is a Correspondent at the Alberta University - Edmonton Clinic Health Academy. Her article focuses on driving whilst on as an emerging problem that needs urgent solutions. Body Summary The articles exclusively center on the regulatory laws that have placed limitations on the use of the cell phones by the drivers. It is evident that a majority of the states have embarked on a mission to ensure that the mobile phones are handled properly by the concerned drivers whilst on the roads. Despite the laws ranging from one state to another, the laws focus on a recommendation of the use of hands free devices by the drivers. On the other hand, Strayer  & Drew  argue that as a result of the constant use of the mobile phones by the drivers, a lot of accidents have been seen to take place as drivers on phone are likely to over speed, break other traffic rules or even fail to stop for police checks (646). With driving taking the toll of using one hand, while the other is busy texting or rec eiving a call, Lee argues that a lot of lives have been lost as a result of the same (7728). The costs of distracted driving in this case cannot be quantified especially if the lives of innocent individuals have to be at stake. Lee argues that at times, a lot of drivers are at pressure to be connected, an aspect that makes it almost an obvious behavior in the roads today (7723). The author also insists that the problem is a growing one (Lee 7725). It is evident that one of the major causes of deaths and injuries greatly correlates to this form of driving by the drivers. This explains why a lot of states have then embarked on the implementation of legislations that see to the banning of the handsets for the drivers. Drivers on phone were also said to be slower and to also lose focus whilst driving especially after a phone call (Strayer & Drew  641). It is at this juncture that the authors recommend legislation on the ban of cell phones whilst driving (Strayer & Drew  644). Collet , Guillot & Petit are of the opinion that mobile phones lead to the drivers reacting slowly to responses whilst in the traffic environment (590). They also have minimal control and less attention for visual information whilst driving; thus, cannot focus on one activity (593).Legislation on the use of mobile phones amongst other measures like education would therefore be vital in the responsible use of the phones by the divers. Critique The articles analyzed in this work are ones that may be termed as valid and reliable as reference materials in relation to the theme topic. Collet, Guillot & Petit’s article is one that involves review studies on the topic so as to valid that legislations would be useful for present-day drivers. The authors shed light on the major effects on driving using a phone at the same time judging from the simulator works and field research. Its introduction gives a brief summary of the article and what will be explained in terms of applicable data to au thenticate that mobile phones need to be restricted. The conclusion then summarizes the facts; thus, leading to the commendation that drivers need to correct their behaviour which can be facilitated through restrictions on the use of mobile phones whilst driving. Lee’s work, on the other hand, starts from an abstract that gives the outline of the article. The author then gives guidelines on how to deal with concerns in the topic, highlights on the dangers of driving while on phone, gives solutions to this menace and lastly gives a detailed conclusion

Humanities and film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Humanities and film - Essay Example In other words, the moving images we see on film largely represent a filmmaker’s vivid imaginations and creative expression resulting to an artistic creation. Consequently, this depiction of feelings and ideas through film affect our emotion and move us; so much so that it enables us to reflect about the condition of our own existence and time here on earth. Indeed, what makes film a significant art form is that it reveals an artist’s portrayal of an idea or situation that deeply touches our humanity. A filmmaker’s task goes beyond recording footages and presenting them to general viewers. Like any form of art, film making involves a rigorous task of carefully choosing the right composition of shots and capturing vivid emotions to achieve the desired cinematic movement and expression. In this way, film enables us to reveal our humanity because it allows us to relate and reflect on the moving pictures shown to us on screen. When we watch a film, it shows that we are human beings with fragile emotions when we start to cry over a dramatic act or laugh at a funny scene. Our emotions are impulsively reacting what to what we see – which is merely the result of a filmmaker’s artistic expression and interpretation of a narrative plot. Moreover, the significance of film in the study of humanities is revealed on how stories are created and interpreted to reveal our human condition. Some films tell stories that depict our present reality, in such a way that its primary purpose is to mirror what is going on in our society. On the other hand, some films revolve around our imaginations which describe stories about the â€Å"dream life of our culture† (Wall, 1998, p.1). Because human stories and aspirations are depicted on film, we are able to transport ourselves into a different place and see how other individuals live. By seeing a different perspective on

Impression of the Culture Essay Example for Free

Impression of the Culture Essay Prior to working in government, I worked in the private sector. In comparison of the two cultures, I realize that politics exist in both cultures and it is a game that I really do not like to play. My impression of the two cultures leave a lot to be desired in the sense that I am one who is not afraid of hard work; I am always committed to the job. However, working in the private sector gave me a greater sense of satisfaction: I could prioritize my work and get things done; there was less bureaucracy. I could determine what was good for the organization, share it with my management who respected what I brought to the table and implement a cohesive strategy that would benefit the organization. Working in government you have to be prepared and committed to the policies that sometime prevent you from completing your job.(i.e. public interference and internal obstacles) in addition to working with people who do not share the same ideals as you. The government mentality of being a paper pusher was a concept that I fight with myself constantly about. My first few years in government, I went above and beyond what was expected of me because I did not like the feeling of being unresponsive. Working in government I now see what the mentality is all about. I as an individual am not a paper pusher; I am a results driven hard worker who wants to see the results of my hard work; however, being in government you do not control what gets accomplished by your work ethic you only control what is expected of you: meaning I do what I am supposed to do however what road the journey takes does not depend on me it depends on who is going to benefit from the fruits of my labor. The positive side of the two cultures: Private Sector gives you room to grow based on your commitment to work, There is less beauracy to deal with and most are working toward the same goal. In government, when you are given a task, the positive side is that you know it is for the good of the mass and you can envision the end result.

Here We Stand Exposed :: Essays Papers

Here We Stand Exposed â€Å"There is nothing concealed that will not be disclosed, or hidden that will not be made known†. –Matt. 10:26 Human interaction is as common to most of us as breathing. Stop and consider your typical day—imagine each face you pass on the street, each passing conversation, each miniscule interaction. â€Å"Hey, how are you?† â€Å"Doing well, you?† â€Å"Good.† For most of us, the number of people we have this friendly non-conversation with alone is too many to remember, and the actual number of people we generally come into contact with throughout the course of a day is too large to approximate. And yet for many people the line of how much to reveal of themselves in each of these interactions is a hazy one. We walk away from conversations such as this, though perhaps pleased to have seen the person, sometimes wondering what would have happened if we had told the truth of how we were doing at that particular moment. This idea of Exposure vs. Concealment is a common thread throughout the writings of CS Lewis. Though he never directly addresses this topic, there is much wisdom to be gained from his writings on the issue. Throughout Till We Have Faces, A Grief Observed, The Problem of Pain, and many of his other writings, we can find many underlying clues to establishing a balance in our degree of self-concealment before God, others, and even ourselves. In the next few pages I will attempt to form a clearer picture of the example God gives humans in relation to the interactions and the co-existence of the two seemingly opposite practices of Concealment and Exposure. When I initially set out to write this paper, I began with a mindset to prove one of these actions to be of greater good than the other. I assumed that if the two oppose one another, it would naturally follow that they be mutually exclusive to one another, for to oppose implies an eventual conqueror: thus, a natural superior and inferior. However, after beginning my attempt at this proof, I found myself presented with another—and somewhat surprising—conclusion: that these two, in truth, depend on one another for their own existence, and that both are necessary to achieving a healthy degree of transparency. Let me outline this discovery. 1. God’s interaction with Himself as a glimpse of God’s interaction with Man:

Emily Brontës Wuthering Heights :: essays research papers

The purpose of this paper is to assess the novel, "Wuthering Heights," by Emily Bronte, particularly within the context of the character, Catherine. Catherine plays a prominent role throughout "Wuthering Heights." For the most part, it is her love of Heathcliff which represents the crutch of the human struggle encountered by Catherine, as well as other characters throughout the story -- but especially Catherine. Curiously, relationships of that period were more often than not governed by social convention. The relationship between Catherine and Heathcliff is an exception to this...while, ultimately, one Thrushcroff Grange attracts Catherine, and thusly leads her to stray from her true nature. It is difficult to separate the character from the author, noting that the author's childhood was basically isolated and gloomy, and Catherine herself, is a truly private individual. It is this sense of privacy, in my opinion, that supersedes any other factor throughout the story. To understand this sense of inwardness, one must explore the novel itself. The story begins in the early 1800's (c. 1801) and one Mr. Lockwood removed from the narrative. The novel begins to take shape, only after some degree of reading, when we realize what is happening at Wuthering Heights in conjunction with Thrushcroff Grange. Soon afterwards, Nelly Dean makes her appearance, while she herself is somewhat unpreceptible. Overall, content and structure is rather fractured, although a so-called Satanic hero begins to emerge as a creature of darkness as well as rebellion and passion. Conversely, pressures on Heathcliff are internal. Results of his life emanate from his orphan years in Liverpool and his horrific treatment at Wuthering Heights. The author underscores the violence and darkness of man...even to such a primal and universal degree that it is impossible to overcome. In the beginning, Mr. Lockwood visits his landlord. He is a new tenant at Thrushcroff Grange and find s himself to be most unwelcome. His treatment by the landlord, Mr. Heathcliff, the servants, and even the dogs is less than welcoming. Heathcliff is something of a paradox. He exhibits the manners of country squire, urbane and handsome although aloof and private. Wuthering Heights itself is basically an old farmhouse and its namesake comes from the weather which it has had to endure. Overall, I found this book to be extremely personal, and almost eccentric. By eccentric, I mean the views that are put forth are very private and even difficult to understand.

Maritime Skyscraper of the Future Essay

It was 1993 when a new beginning had begun. A new chapter in the seafaring industry unfolds and arouse. It was the time the Asian Institute of Maritime Studies (AIMS) made its hallmark on the maritime world. Towering over Pasay City, the noticeable lighthouse architecture had caught myriads of attention. For a fact, lighthouses are known as a means of guide to sailors so they`ll never get lost through vast ocean. Founder and father of AIMS Capt. Lino Paterno Paderangga once said, â€Å"We can never change the direction of the wind but as one family we can always adjust our sails to reach the port of our destination†, words of wisdom that had touch the hearts of neophytes like me. Proving this, the Institute equips future seafarers the best Maritime Education they deserve whether in the field of Marine Transportation or Engineering. Achievement Integrity Mastery and Service. You will never be lost with AIMS. Over a period of time the Asian Institute of Maritime Studies had proven it`s worth. Both local and international arena. Everything is changing except change. Starting from its very humble beginnings, AIMS has sailed the borderline of success and accomplishments. Assuring its entire passenger a bright journey towards attaining their goals in life. Better among the Best â€Å"I think Aims will be one of the top and leading Maritime school in Manila for Maritime University status.† * C/M Rufo Gene Dolar (Dean MC College) Forward march! Yes you got it right. AIMS Maritime College (MC) is up with a bang for 2012 and years to come. Earlier this year new infrastructures were built and still being build namely; an additional deck/floor on the MMCP dormitory to accommodate more students, a soon to be constructed 12 storey building located at the former site of M/V Buffalo and a plan to put up a new Buffalo house (ME LABORATORY)  at Annex. A definitely blazing start for this year of the Dragon. Another high point for AIMS is the brand new simulators, which by sometime this semester will be ready for use. Such superb innovations are superfluous for the whole academic phase of Maritime students. Business attire Friday is also being considered, wherein MC students are required to dress-up in suits to get used to and prepare us for job interviews that may come. Configurations are also being constituted on the curriculum since the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) is imposing a new subject of study, said the respected Maritime College Dean C/M Rufo Gene Dolar. It was also in an interview with him that he mentioned the above stated excerpt. He envisages AIMS not only an ace in this industry but also a chief producer of hirable recruits. Great improvements and development of curriculum plus the Asking what`s new and what`s not for AIMS are no longer the question. What`s new? We are transpiring to greater progress and improvements. What`s not? The Institute is still at its finest. With this in hand we can proudly say â€Å"we are better among the best.† Alma Mater Legacy Through the years, the Asian Institute Of Maritime Studies has excelled in every aspect be it sports, academics or out of campus activities and competitions. In every way we have been successful in what we aim to become – that is to be an institution based on Morals, Values and foremost producer of highly competitive Seafarers. Ever since AIMS was founded, we as Aimsians have always sought to make a name for ourselves and to bring glory to our Alma Mater.

Risk Management Plan Travel

Risk Management Plan Travel Trip Overview and Description Travel is a popular activity and involves visiting of variety of sites and participation in an assortment of activities. Due to the varied nature of terrain and risk involved with some activity it is essential to plan adequately prior to the excursion.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Risk Management Plan: Travel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In line with this one of the most important activities to undertake prior to departure is to prepare an overview of the trip and highlight some of the expected activities (Stellin 2006). This is mainly important due to the fact that it helps in reaching the desired destination. This overview and description requires that some research is undertaken by the organizer of the trip prior to making travel arrangements. In case the party is undecided on a destination it is necessary to consider the goals of the trip and visit websites which can be very h elpful in identifying a suitable destination (Stellin 2006). Important aspects to consider include weather patterns and peak seasons. This will play a major role in deciding on methods of travel and weighing potential losses or gains from alternatives (Stellin 2006). Other necessary considerations include holidays and significant events within the locality. In addition to that high and low seasons are often accompanied with changes in prices and will have an influence on the budget and as such must be researched and mentioned in an overview. In addition to the above points it has been mentioned that a glimpse at government sites may be helpful to see the authority’s position in regard to your proposed destination (Stellin 2006). Information that may be gleaned from government include terror alerts, penalties for drug possession, medical requirements, traffic and road conditions, aviation standards and potentially useful information on banking and scams, etc. It is also crucia l to provide information on age demographics in relation to the trip to ensure appropriate participants are sought.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Leadership Before embarking on any outdoor activity it is essential to identify a leader for the proposed excursion. The main reason for this is due to the fact that should an emergency arise taking apposition of responsibility is potentially frightening. To avert such a situation it is best to select an effective, capable and trained individual to take on such a role beforehand (Barton 2007). The leader will take charge during an emergency where a democratic approach to solving the problem may lead to catastrophe. For this reason it is clear that the leader must possess some qualifications suitable for the role. The main role of the leader is to handle an emergency situation with as much concentration and focus as po ssible and avoid the distraction caused by panic (Barton 2007). It is suggested that though hands on involvement is useful, whenever possible a leader should delegate duties and create a sense of involvement. This allows the leader to focus on their key responsibility which is making good decisions and avoiding bad choices. It has been mentioned that the quality and experience of the leader can have major role to play in the safety and success of outdoor activity. The staff where available and leaders of outdoor activity are undoubtedly the most major influence on safety in any outdoor activity (Barton 2007). For this reason it is recommended that the leader is selected keeping these key traits in mind as opposed to the group disposition. Trip Itineraries In an outdoor activity the itinerary is the overall plan of how the activity will be carried out. It includes time for each activity, expected routes and a variety of information on the activity. The importance of the itinerary thu s grows based on the duration for the proposed trip or activity (Redmond, Foran Dwyer, 2010). A short trip such as a day hike on a well marked trail may not require much work as everyone knows where they are going. However, for a longer excursion a detailed itinerary detailing the specifics such as the size of the party, departure time and return time is crucial to manage safety for larger parties on longer excursions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Risk Management Plan: Travel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such an itinerary should include the number of people in the party, their expected time of departure and return. In addition to that the equipment taken for the activity and the persons in charge of this equipment may need to be logged as well (Redmond, Foran Dwyer, 2010). On completion of the trip any changes in the itinerary can be used to form queries that may be the solution to an emergency that had tak en place earlier in the day. Maps and information about the region can be very useful and increase interest in the trip when included in the itinerary (See Appendix A B). It is advised to leave the itinerary with a responsible individual who can contact emergency services should there be a need for that (Redmond, Foran Dwyer, 2010). For example if on an outdoor hiking trip the itinerary could be handed to the ranger in charge of the park or attendant in charge (Redmond, Foran Dwyer, 2010). This document is also useful in estimating aspects such as walking pace to maintain during the excursion. In addition to that it is useful in planning various sections of the trip such as rest stops where the group can catch their breath while the leader checks whether the party navigation is on track (See Appendix C). Equipment During the management of outdoor activities equipment is crucial to the success and even the completion of various activities. For this reason in planning an outdoor ac tivity it is necessary to carry out a needs assessment to evaluate whet the program requires (Walker Seidler, 1993). This needs assessment involves an overview of the situation and makes considerations such as whether the program is new or existing. It is also crucial to consider if the activity is intended to be done for recreation or competitively (Walker Seidler, 1993). This is evident due to the fact that the needs for an elementary school will vary greatly when compared with those of a college. In making consideration on equipment to be used for the proposed activity it becomes important to consider the space available for this activity. This is because most equipment comes with directions on the space requirements for optimal operation. Lack of adherence to the considerations therefore renders the installation of such facilities unsafe (Walker Seidler, 1993).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition to the above considerations it is clear that the desired activity will influence the selection and purchase of equipment. Alongside this comes the health and safety of participants involved. It goes without saying that the equipment chosen must first and foremost promote the safety of the participants for it to be considered suitable (Walker Seidler, 1993). Water Sources and Treatment It has been reported that the presence of large volumes of water is often regarded a fundamental requirement for outdoor recreation (Jenkins Pigram, 2003). This occurs for two reasons namely, the water acts as a medium for recreation or to enhance the appeal of the recreational setting. This position in relation to water lets us know that adequate consideration should be given to the water used in these settings. The activities undertaken in water include diving, snorkeling and other deep sea activities as well as rafting, canoeing and fishing which are more common in river waters (Jenkin s Pigram, 2003). Due to the widespread appeal of water for recreation there has been a surge in usage that has led to situation where water quality is lowered and thus unsuitable for outdoor activity. This is especially due to the fact that for activities such as fishing the quality and quantity of water play a major role in popularity (Jenkins Pigram, 2003). In addition to the above considerations it has been mentioned that in outdoor activities it is crucial to treat any water taken from unprotected sources (Muller, 2003). This arises due to the fact that such water which is available in these circumstances can cause illness and as such remedial action is necessary. In addition to that it is advisable to practice proper hygiene in outdoor activities (Muller, 2003). Untreated water comes with potentially harmful micro organisms such as Giardia which if ingested can cause serious medical problems to an individual (Muller, 2003). Such organisms are introduced to the water due to an imal activity or sewerage that seeps into the water from nearby settlements. For this reason it is advisable to purchase pills used for water purification prior to visiting these areas. Weather Related Information It is important that during any outdoor activity the collection of information is carried out as an ongoing process (Dickson Gray, 2012). Information such as predictions on weather patterns can be a major factor in relation to safety of outdoor activities. For this reason it is essential to update the party in relation to most current weather prior to embarking on an excursion while taking time to consult on any expected changes in weather (Dickson Gray, 2012). In this regard it has been observed that the internet and mobile technology has played a significant role in averting potential crisis (Dickson Gray, 2012). Due to this technology it is now possible to view live radar images and examine river height gauges within minutes as opposed to hours in the past. Some info rmation that may be relevant includes the expected temperatures, water levels in rivers and wind related information (See Appendix D). However, despite the advances in technology it has been observed that communicating weather information may at times be difficult due to remoteness. In such instances it has been suggested that good knowledge of the locale may prove useful in the outdoor activity (Dickson Gray, 2012). Transportation This aspect forms a significant part of the budget allocated for any outdoor activity (Harrison, 2012). For this reason a properly planned outdoor activity will require the analysis of various options for transportation. In this regard some considerations to make will include the type of vehicles, whether to lease or outsource transport another company, among other considerations. The age demographics of the group also play a role in selection of appropriate mode of transport for the activity. It is important to keep in mind that there are significant ri sks and legal implications to be considered in relation to transportation. The individual in charge must confirm efficiency and safety standards offered by any proposed contractor (Fulbrook, 2005). The distribution of routes and scheduling of transport must also be carefully coordinated and any changes quickly communicated to other members of the transportation unit. This is believed to be a sure way to minimize disorder and lack of satisfaction during the activity. Rules and Regulations In many outdoor activities there is a significant degree of risk involved which with the guidance of an experienced guide can be overcome. However, in certain instances there may arise occasions when due to unforeseeable circumstances an injury or accident occurs. It is reported that many times this occur due to lack of adherence to the laid down rules and regulations (Harrison, 2012). In order to avoid any subsequent legal actions that could come about it is considered wise to provide a document co ntaining the rules and regulations that will govern the trip and potential risks involved. In instances where such a document is produced and signed by participants, the organizer or individual in charge can be considered legally protected from legal action. This however does not imply that negligence is tolerated but acts as a barrier to protect the organizer from unfair legal actions (Harrison, 2012). Risk Assessment and Management In operating a successful outdoor program one of the major tasks is the evaluation and management of risks. The identification of risks involved can be achieved by using four specific categories namely field, operational, financial and strategic risks (Harrison, 2012). Field risks include environmental hazards such as flash floods. Operational risks include poorly managed equipment and inappropriately trained staff. Financial risks include unexpected financial losses due to increased expenditure during seasonal changes. Strategic risks include issues th at may arise due to lack of vision and foresight (Harrison, 2012). Once all the potential risks have been identified it is important to categorize them based on their likelihood to provide a clear picture of issues that need to be tackled (See Appendix E). Based on the picture presented it becomes easier to identify strategies to counter these potentially risky situations (Harrison, 2012). This process and the strategies identified form the organization’s risk management program and should be embraced within the organization as part of organizational culture (Harrison, 2012). Among the important aspects that may be included in such a program include possible additional training that should be given to staff. In addition to that it is crucial to identify and prepare material that needs to be shared with participants prior to the activity. Emergency Action Plan It should be noted that an emergency action plan (EAP) is a very essential component of any outdoor activity. There is no standard EAP for all outdoor activities based on the fact that facilities, communities, resources and communication facilities available vary a great deal (Moffitt, 2011). In addition to that the plan should be distributed t relevant personnel and participants as an invisible EAP is worthless. The EAP should include guidelines to be followed in various scenarios such as fires and other emergency situations. It must include guidelines on the evacuation routes and procedures to be followed in the event of an emergency (Moffitt, 2011). Such a plan should also include telephone numbers of hospitals and medical facilities close by to assist with casualties and other medical related issues (See Appendix F). As is seen in the appendix the document is a detailed writing that categorizes risks and clearly defines response to the risks within the organization. It also provides information on the staff in charge in case of an emergency and the training received for the situation (CDC, 2004 ). Contingencies Just as with any activity there is a need for some preparatory actions made to handle unexpected situations in business. For example, a camping site may be prepared to accommodate twenty tents but due to circumstances be forced to deal with twenty five tents suggesting an unexpected increase in the size of the party. These situations call for an alternative plan in place to handle such scenarios (Martin, 2006). In addition to such circumstances contingency planning should cater for activities that can be undertaken when weather interrupts or causes postponement of one activity in the itinerary. Such planning ensures participants are kept engaged and receive and experience worth their while. Miscellaneous In addition to all the above mentioned plans and guidelines there is still need to cater for additional requirements that may arise in the course of outdoor excursions. An example of this occurs where a member of the visiting party is accompanied by an aged person o r a young infant. In such cases the organization will need to have prepared or arranged to acquire some equipment such as safety seats for babies or wheel chairs to cater for senior citizens. To provide a memorable and efficient outdoor trip there is no limitation to the extent of preparation necessary. It is not uncommon to find that the more prepared organization attracts more clientele simply as a result of this. References Barton, B. (2007). Safety, risk and adventure in outdoor activities. London: Paul Chapman Publishing. Breckenridge. Sample Itineraries (n.d.). Retrieved from boec.org/programs/professional-team-building-retreats/sample-itineraries/ CDC. Emergency Action Plan. (2004). Retrieved from https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=vq=cache:lPZpfBXizoEJ:www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004-101/emrgact/emrgact.doc+emergency+action+plan+samplehl=engl=kepid=blsrcid=ADGEESimoLwdaHAJZ5Drvtz7uVHmkBjZ5VaPbtqYwV9KHzpak1KRiZW7ZJ3VnUNeC_ZsuK9XznQ9ZKEG8D7Se47MrjYTstaa5n2S6ZYV_CL2m71aLxRRmXWmTQMc6q gwTvC2P9g3svFdsig=AHIEtbRx0MVkSuDJkVcNVX0Wn3NXCc-a7w Cyborlink. China Business Etiquette, Culture, Manners. (2012). Retrieved from cyborlink.com/besite/china.htm Dickson, T., Gray, T. (2012). Risk Management in the Outdoors: A Whole-of-Organization Approach. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. Fulbrook, J. (2005). Outdoor activities, negligence and the law. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing Company. Harrison, G. (2012). Outdoor Program Administration: Principles and Practices. Printed in the USA: Sheridan Books. Jenkins, J., Pigram, J. (2003). Encyclopedia of Leisure and Outdoor Recreation. London: Routledge. Martin, B. (2006). Outdoor Leadership: Theory and Practice. Printed in the USA: Human Kinetics. Moffitt, J. (2011). Day Camp Programming and Administration: Core Skills and Practices. Muller, J. (2003). The Colorado Year round Outdoor Guide. Golden, CO: The Colorado mountain Club Press. Redmond, K., Foran, A., Dwyer, S. (2010). Quality Lesson Plans for Outdoor Education . Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Stellin, S. (2006). How to travel practically anywhere. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. Walker, M., Seidler, T. (19993). Sports Equipment Management. London: Jones Bartlett Publishers International. Yellowstonepark. Interactive map. (2011). Retrieved from yellowstonepark.com/maps-itineraries/interactive-map/ Appendix Appendix A: Sample Map of Yellow Stone Park (Yellowstonepark, 2011). Appendix B: Research and Supplemental Information on China (cyborlink, 2012). Appendix C: Sample itinerary (Breckenridge n.d.) Appendix D: Sample Weather Information (Dickson Gray, 2012). Appendix E: Sample Financial Risk evaluation (Harrison, 2012). Appendix F: Sample Emergency Action Plan